China has concluded the first phase of an anti-subsidy investigation by imposing provisional tariffs between 21.9% and 42.7% on European dairy imports from Tuesday. The immediate implementation timeline forces rapid strategic adjustments for affected European companies.
Brussels has strongly objected to the decision, characterizing it as unwarranted and lacking legitimate justification. The European Commission maintains that China’s investigation is based on questionable allegations without sufficient supporting evidence. Officials are reviewing the tariffs and preparing a comprehensive response.
The dispute originated in 2023 when the European Commission launched an investigation into Chinese electric vehicle subsidies. Beijing has systematically retaliated with tariffs on European brandy, pork, and now dairy products. The rapid implementation provides limited adjustment time for exporters.
The tariff structure affects around 60 companies with differentiated rates. Arla Foods will pay between 28.6% and 29.7%. Sterilgarda Alimenti received the most favorable treatment at 21.9%, while FrieslandCampina’s operations faced the steepest penalties at 42.7%. Non-participating companies automatically receive maximum tariffs forcing immediate business decisions.
The protective measures arrive as Chinese dairy producers struggle with surplus production and declining profitability. Falling birthrates and budget-conscious consumers have reduced demand. Last year, China imported $589 million in affected dairy products. The government has urged domestic producers to scale back output and reduce the number of older, less productive cattle.
